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Samson Yakovlevich Makintsev ((ロシア語:Самсо́н Я́ковлевич Маки́нцев)), otherwise and better as Samson Khan ((ペルシア語:سامسونخان)); (b. 1776, Russian Empire - d. 1848, Persian Empire), was a high-ranked military commander in Qajar Persia, of Imperial Russian origin. Having deserted from the Imperial Russian Army, a sergeant of the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, he was one of the many defectors that changed sides in the era of the Russo-Persian Wars. ==Biography== From at least the beginning of the 19th century, and probably earlier, a steady stream of deserters from the Imperial Russian armies in the Caucasus had fled to Iranian territory, sometimes surrendering to Iranian forces and themselves entering Iranian service. Iran's noted then commander-in-chief, crown-prince Abbas Mirza, was eager to acquire and retain the services of as many Russian deserters as possible, for their military training being an useful asset to his new regular army. At first, he merely utilised individual deserters to train his new regiments. As their numbers grew, he incorporated them into the ''Nizam'' regiments, then finally made them into a separate unit of their own. One of the more notable deserters that enlisted in the Iranian service was Samson Yakovlevich Makintsev, a staff-trumpeter sergeant, who had deserted from the Nizhni-Novgorod Dragoon Regiment in 1802, just before the start of the first Russo- Persian War of the 19th century (1804-1813). Stephanie Cronin states that the reason for his desertion is not being definetely known but the men of his regiment apparantly believed that he had stolen the mouthpieces from the regiment's silver trumpets. After fleeing the regiment he gave himself up to the Iranians, entered Abbas Mirza's service, and was appointed lieutenant in one of the new ''Nezam-e-Jadid'' (lit. "New Army") regiments, the ''fawj-i-Erivan'' (the Erivan regiment), named after one of Iran's threatened Caucasian provinces. Through his efforts, which included the enlisting of other fugitives into the ranks, Makintsev earned promotion to Major. Thanks to these successes, soon one half of the Erivan regiment was made up deserters. Seemingly having noticed Abbas Mirza's approval, it gave the Russians the confidence to express their dissatisfaction with the regiment's Iranian commander and to ask that he be replaced by Makintsev. Abbas Mirza who was unwillign to place a mixued unit including Muslim Iranians under direct Russian rule, instead formed the deserters into a separate unit, giving its command and the rank of colonel, and later general, to Makintsev, who took the name Samson Khan. Makintsev quickly gained the complete confidence of Abbas Mirza, who gave the Russians the name ''Bahadoran'' (heroes) and used them to constitute his palace guard. The most reliable element in the ''Nezam-e-Jadid'', they were better and more regularly paid than the native troops and the king (Fath Ali Shah Qajar) and Abbas Mirza particularly relied on them to surpresss internal in general and especially and discontent with a religious flavour. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Samson Makintsev」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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